{"id":53386,"date":"2025-08-13T23:37:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T21:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/?page_id=53386"},"modified":"2026-02-10T07:32:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T06:32:53","slug":"the-big-design-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/the-big-design-history\/","title":{"rendered":"The Big Design History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"style-card\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h3 class=\"style-title\">A Century of Creative Revolutions<\/h3>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <p>\n      From the Constructivist revolution to design thinking algorithms, the history of international design reveals humanity&#8217;s extraordinary capacity to perpetually reinvent our daily environment. Each movement is born from a vision of the world, a social utopia, a technical innovation that transforms our relationship with objects and spaces.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      In every curve of an Eames chair, every line of an iPhone, every pixel of an interface, resonate the dreams of generations of visionary creators. From Bauhaus to Silicon Valley studios, from Japanese minimalism to postmodern exuberance, design forges our collective identity and draws the contours of the future.\n    <\/p>\n\n    <p class=\"highlight-quote\">\n      <em>&#8220;Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.&#8221;<\/em>\n      <span>\u2014 Steve Jobs<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hart-sommaire-chrono\">\n    <h2 class=\"hart-sommaire-title\">The Big Design History<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"hart-sommaire-subtitle\">A century of international creative revolutions<\/p>\n    \n    <div class=\"hart-timeline\">\n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-line\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1915<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#constructivism\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Constructivism<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1915-1930<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The Russian revolutionary avant-garde<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1917<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#de-stijl\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>De Stijl<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1917-1931<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Dutch geometric abstraction<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1919<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#bauhaus\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Bauhaus<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1919-1933<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The German modern revolution<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1925<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#art-deco\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Art Deco<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1925-1940<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Global geometric elegance<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1930<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#streamline-moderne\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Streamline Moderne<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1930-1950<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">American aerodynamism<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1932<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#cranbrook-school\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Cranbrook School<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1932-1970<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The American laboratory<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1940<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#scandinavian-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Scandinavian Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1940-1970<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Nordic beauty<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1945<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#mid-century-modern\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Mid-Century Modern<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1945-1965<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The American golden age<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1950<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#good-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Good Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1950-1960<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Democratic aesthetics<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1952<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#italian-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Italian Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1950-1980<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Creative dolce vita<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1953<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#ulm-school\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Ulm School<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1953-1968<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Bauhaus&#8217;s heir<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1960<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#pop-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Pop Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1960-1970<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The colorful revolution<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1965<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#radical-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Radical Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1960-1975<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Italian anti-design<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1970<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#high-tech\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>High-Tech<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1970-1990<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The technological era<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1980<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#postmodernism\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Postmodernism<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1980-2000<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Embraced eclecticism<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1981<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#memphis-group\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Memphis Group<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1981-1987<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The postmodern explosion<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1990<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#minimalism\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Minimalism<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1990-2010<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Global less is more<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">1995<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#digital-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Digital Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">1990-2025<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The age of interfaces<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">2000<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#eco-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Eco-Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">2000-2025<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Environmental consciousness<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">2005<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#design-thinking\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Design Thinking<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">2000-2025<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">The revolutionary method<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"hart-timeline-item\">\n            <div class=\"hart-timeline-date\">2010<\/div>\n            <a href=\"#global-design\" class=\"hart-timeline-content\">\n                <h3>Global Design<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"hart-timeline-period\">2010-2025<\/span>\n                <p class=\"hart-timeline-description\">Creative globalization<\/p>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"hart-sommaire-footer\">\n        <p class=\"hart-sommaire-footer-text\">Click on a movement to discover its history<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- 1. Constructivism (1915\u20131930) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"constructivism\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Constructivism<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1915\u20131930)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The Russian revolutionary avant-garde<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Born from the Russian Revolution, Constructivism redefined art and design as instruments for social transformation. Vladimir Tatlin, Alexander Rodchenko and El Lissitzky put geometry, industrial materials and function at the heart of creation.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/russian-constructivism-when-art-meets-revolution\/\">Russian Constructivism (1915\u20131930) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"characteristics\">\n      <div class=\"char-title\">Key ideas:<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"char-list\">\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Philosophy:<\/span> Utilitarian art serving society<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Aesthetic:<\/span> Pure geometry, dynamic asymmetry, industrial assembly<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Legacy:<\/span> Major influence on the Bauhaus and modern design<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 2. De Stijl (1917\u20131931) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"de-stijl\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">De Stijl<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1917\u20131931)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Dutch geometric abstraction<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and Gerrit Rietveld pursued absolute harmony through straight lines, right angles and primary colors to create a universal language for art, architecture and furniture.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/de-stijl-the-dutch-movement-that-revolutionized-abstract-art\/\">De Stijl (1917\u20131931) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"characteristics\">\n      <div class=\"char-title\">Core principles:<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"char-list\">\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Colors:<\/span> Red, blue, yellow + black, white, gray<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Forms:<\/span> Orthogonal grids, balanced asymmetry<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Design:<\/span> Rietveld\u2019s Red &#038; Blue Chair (1918)<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 3. Bauhaus (1919\u20131933) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"bauhaus\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Bauhaus<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1919\u20131933)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The German modern revolution<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Founded by Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus united art, craft and industry. Marcel Breuer and Mies van der Rohe forged a rational, functional, democratic design that still shapes our world.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/bauhaus-the-german-school-that-shaped-modern-design\/\">Bauhaus (1919\u20131933) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"characteristics\">\n      <div class=\"char-title\">Bauhaus legacy:<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"char-list\">\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Method:<\/span> \u201cForm follows function\u201d<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Icons:<\/span> Wassily chair, Barcelona chair, tubular steel<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Impact:<\/span> Mass production, accessible beauty<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 4. Art Deco (1925\u20131940) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"art-deco\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Art Deco<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1925\u20131940)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Global geometric elegance<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      From the 1925 Paris Exhibition to New York\u2019s skyline, Art Deco reconciled modern geometry and ornamental luxury with exceptional craftsmanship and precious materials.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/art-deco-history-creators-and-legacy-of-a-universal-style\/\">Art Deco: History, Creators &#038; Legacy \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"characteristics\">\n      <div class=\"char-title\">Signatures:<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"char-list\">\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Motifs:<\/span> Sunbursts, chevrons, ziggurats<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Materials:<\/span> Lacquer, exotic veneers, chrome, glass<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Scope:<\/span> Architecture, furniture, jewelry, graphics<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 5. Streamline Moderne (1930\u20131950) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"streamline-moderne\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Streamline Moderne<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1930\u20131950)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">American aerodynamism<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      In the U.S., Raymond Loewy, Henry Dreyfuss and Norman Bel Geddes translated the cult of speed into aerodynamic forms for trains, cars, appliances and commercial architecture.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/streamline-moderne-the-golden-age-of-american-industrial-design-1930-1950\/\">Streamline Moderne (1930\u20131950) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"characteristics\">\n      <div class=\"char-title\">Streamline cues:<\/div>\n      <ul class=\"char-list\">\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Forms:<\/span> Fluid lines, rounded corners, speed profiles<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Materials:<\/span> Stainless steel, chrome, Bakelite<\/li>\n        <li class=\"char-item\"><span class=\"char-label\">Uses:<\/span> Transport, appliances, roadside architecture<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 6. Cranbrook School (1932\u20131970) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"cranbrook-school\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Cranbrook School<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1932\u20131970)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The American laboratory<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Founded by Eliel Saarinen, Cranbrook trained Charles &#038; Ray Eames, Eero Saarinen, Florence Knoll and more \u2014 a crucible of experimentation and industry-designer collaboration.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/cranbrook-academy-the-american-laboratory-of-modern-design\/\">Cranbrook Academy (1932\u20131970) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 7. Scandinavian Design (1940\u20131970) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"scandinavian-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Scandinavian Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1940\u20131970)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Nordic beauty<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Alvar Aalto, Arne Jacobsen, Hans Wegner and Finn Juhl defined humanist modernity: natural materials, soft organic lines and democratic functionality.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/traditional-scandinavian-design-the-nordic-art-of-living\/\">Traditional Scandinavian Design \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 8. Mid-Century Modern (1945\u20131965) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"mid-century-modern\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Mid-Century Modern<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1945\u20131965)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The American golden age<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Neutra, Eichler, Nelson and the Eames defined optimistic postwar modernity with clean lines, organic volumes, interior-exterior continuity and mass-produced comfort.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/mid-century-modern-1945-1965-the-american-golden-age\/\">Mid-Century Modern (1945\u20131965) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 9. Good Design (1950\u20131960) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"good-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Good Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1950\u20131960)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Democratic aesthetics<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      From MoMA\u2019s program to Braun and Italian masters, \u201cgood design\u201d set ethical criteria for simplicity, usefulness, durability and honest materials.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/good-design-movement-the-quest-for-democratic-design\/\">Good Design Movement \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 10. Italian Design (1950\u20131980) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"italian-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Italian Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1950\u20131980)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Creative dolce vita<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Gio Ponti, the Castiglioni brothers and Ettore Sottsass fused technical invention, poetic form and sensual materials \u2014 Milan rising as global design capital.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/italian-design-1950-1980-creative-dolce-vita\/\">Italian Design (1950\u20131980) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 11. Ulm School (1953\u20131968) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"ulm-school\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Ulm School<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1953\u20131968)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Bauhaus\u2019s heir<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Max Bill and Otl Aicher developed a scientific, systemic approach to design \u2014 methodology that would shape corporate identity, product systems and UX logic.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/ulm-school-the-methodological-revolution-of-design-1953-1968\/\">Ulm School (1953\u20131968) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 12. Pop Design (1960\u20131970) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"pop-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Pop Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1960\u20131970)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The colorful revolution<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Joe Colombo, Verner Panton and others embraced plastics, vivid palettes and playful modularity to democratize a joyful, optimistic domestic landscape.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/design-of-the-1960s-plastic-revolution-and-freedom\/\">Design of the 1960s \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 13. Radical Design (1960\u20131975) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"radical-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Radical Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1960\u20131975)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Italian anti-design<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Sottsass, Pesce, Archizoom and Superstudio challenged consumerism with conceptual furniture, inflatable forms and utopian architectures.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/radical-design-italian-anti-design-1960-1975\/\">Radical Design (1960\u20131975) \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 14. High-Tech (1970\u20131990) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"high-tech\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">High-Tech<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1970\u20131990)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The technological era<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Norman Foster, Richard Rogers and Mario Bellini celebrated structure and engineering as aesthetics \u2014 glass, steel and exposed systems as a language of precision.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/high-tech-design-when-technology-becomes-un-aestethic-language\/\">High-Tech Design \u2192 <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 15. Postmodernism (1980\u20132000) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"postmodernism\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Postmodernism<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1980\u20132000)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Embraced eclecticism<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Venturi, Graves and Starck rejected austere functionalism, reintroducing irony, color and historical references \u2014 \u201cLess is a bore.\u201d\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/less-is-a-bore-how-postmodernism-set-design-free-1970-2000\/\">Postmodernism \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 16. Memphis Group (1981\u20131987) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"memphis-group\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Memphis Group<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1981\u20131987)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The postmodern explosion<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Ettore Sottsass and the Memphis collective detonated color, pattern and geometry, rewriting the codes of furniture and objects with pop irony.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/memphis-group-1981-1987-when-ettore-sottsass-dynamited-the-codes-of-modern-design\/\">Memphis in context \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 17. Minimalism (1990\u20132010) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"minimalism\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Minimalism<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1990\u20132010)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Global \u201cless is more\u201d<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      From Pawson to Ando, Minimalism distilled form, light and material into serene essentials \u2014 a discreet luxury that shaped 21st-century aesthetics.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/the-big-design-history\/\">Minimalism \u2192 (The Big Design History)<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 18. Digital Design (1990\u20132025) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"digital-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Digital Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(1990\u20132025)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The age of interfaces<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Apple, IDEO and Frog Design shifted focus to UX\/UI, interaction and services: screen-based ecosystems where use drives form.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/interior-design-in-the-digital-age-1990-2026-styles-furniture-and-an-aesthetic-revolution\/\">Digital Design \u2192 <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 19. Eco-Design (2000\u20132025) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"eco-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Eco-Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(2000\u20132025)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Environmental consciousness<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      From cradle-to-cradle to biomimicry, eco-design pursues circularity, repairability and regenerative materials \u2014 reshaping luxury and mass industry alike.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/eco-design-2000-2025-when-environmental-consciousness-reinvents-design\/\">Sustainable design \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 20. Design Thinking (2000\u20132025) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"design-thinking\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Design Thinking<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(2000\u20132025)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">The revolutionary method<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      Stanford\/IDEO\u2019s user-centered process \u2014 empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test \u2014 became a universal innovation toolkit across sectors.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/design-thinking-2000-2025-from-an-innovation-method-to-a-new-design-culture\/\">Design thinking \u2192 <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- 21. Global Design (2010\u20132025) -->\n<div class=\"style-card\" id=\"global-design\">\n  <div class=\"style-card-header\">\n    <h2 class=\"style-title\">Global Design<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"period\">(2010\u20132025)<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"style-card-content\">\n    <h3 class=\"section-title\">Creative globalization<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"description\">\n      From S\u00e3o Paulo to Lagos and Tokyo to Mexico City, new hubs and glocal practices mix cultures, craft and technology into a planetary design language.\n    <\/p>\n    <div class=\"read-more\">\n      <a class=\"read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/global-design-2010-2025-when-creativity-becomes-simultaneously-globalized-and-localized\/\">Global Design \u2192<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hart-hw\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Design Through the Ages\">\n  <div class=\"hw-content\">\n    <div class=\"hw-title\">Design Through the Ages<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"hw-sections\">\n      <div class=\"hw-section\">\n        <div class=\"hw-marker\">1900-1930<\/div>\n        <p class=\"hw-text\">\n          From <b>Art Nouveau<\/b> and the <b>Wiener Werkst\u00e4tte<\/b> to <b>De Stijl<\/b> (1917) and the <b>Bauhaus<\/b> (1919\u20131933), the avant-gardes laid the foundations of <b>Modernism<\/b>: the alliance of arts and industry, standardization, and honesty of materials. The 1925 Exposition launched <b>Art Deco<\/b>, which spread its geometric lines and rational luxury into the 1930s.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"hw-section\">\n        <div class=\"hw-marker\">1940-1950<\/div>\n        <p class=\"hw-text\">\n          A decade of <b>war<\/b> and <b>post-war<\/b> years: constraints, rationing, and reconstruction directed design toward the <b>utilitarian<\/b>, the <b>economical<\/b>, and the <b>dismantlable<\/b>. In the United Kingdom, the <b><em>Utility Furniture<\/em><\/b> program set sober standards; in the United States, research into <b>molded plywood<\/b> (Eames splints 1942\u201345) prepared the way for the iconic chairs of the 1950s. In France, <b>Jean Prouv\u00e9<\/b> developed structures in <b>bent sheet metal<\/b>, easy to assemble. <b><em>Streamline Moderne<\/em><\/b> extended its fluid forms into consumer goods.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"hw-section\">\n        <div class=\"hw-marker\">1950-1970<\/div>\n        <p class=\"hw-text\">\n          The triumph of <b>International Modernism<\/b> and <b><em>Mid-Century<\/em><\/b>: <b>Eames<\/b>, <b>Prouv\u00e9<\/b>, <b>Jacobsen<\/b>, <b>Castiglioni<\/b>. <b>Plastics<\/b>, <b>molded plywood<\/b>, <b>aluminum<\/b>, and <b>mass production<\/b> provided rationalized comfort and a clear aesthetic. Design entered everyday life and shaped an <b>accessible art of living<\/b>.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"hw-section\">\n        <div class=\"hw-marker\">1980-2000<\/div>\n        <p class=\"hw-text\">\n          <b>Postmodern<\/b> reactions and <b>plurality<\/b>: <b>Memphis<\/b> (1981) challenged conventions, <b><em>High-Tech<\/em><\/b> exposed structures, and <b>Minimalism<\/b> (Japan\/Italy) distilled forms. <b>Computer-Aided Design<\/b> (CAD) and the first <b>3D renderings<\/b> transformed the way objects were conceived and produced.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"hw-section\">\n        <div class=\"hw-marker\">2000-Today<\/div>\n        <p class=\"hw-text\">\n          <b>Digital convergence<\/b>: <b>hardware-software ecosystems<\/b>, <b>UX\/UI<\/b>, and <b>services<\/b>. <b>Additive manufacturing<\/b>, <b>parametric design<\/b>, and <b>advanced materials<\/b>; the rise of <b><em>circular design<\/em><\/b> and <b>sustainability<\/b>. <b>Smartphones<\/b>, and later <b>AI<\/b>, redefined our habits and the entire design process.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n.hart-hw{\n  --hart-bg:#f6eee7;\n  --hart-bg2:#ffffff;\n  --hart-border:#e3d5c3;\n  --hart-rose:#f3206f;\n  --hart-text:#211c1a;\n\n  background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--hart-bg) 0%,var(--hart-bg2) 100%);\n  border:2px solid var(--hart-border);\n  border-radius:20px;\n  padding:40px 45px;\n  margin:40px 0;\n  box-shadow:0 16px 48px rgba(33,28,26,.08);\n  position:relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-title{\n  font-weight:600;\n  margin:0 0 25px;\n  text-align:center;\n  position:relative;\n  padding-bottom:15px;\n  color:var(--hart-rose);\n  font-size:clamp(1.4rem,2.2vw,1.8rem);\n  line-height:1.2;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-title::after{\n  content:\"\";\n  position:absolute;\n  bottom:0; left:50%;\n  transform:translateX(-50%);\n  width:80px; height:3px;\n  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--hart-rose),#ff6b9d);\n  border-radius:2px;\n}\n\n\/* Timeline *\/\n.hart-hw .hw-sections{\n  position:relative;\n  padding-left:28px; \/* space for line + dots *\/\n  margin:30px 0 0;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-sections::before{\n  content:\"\";\n  position:absolute;\n  top:0; bottom:0;\n  left:0;\n  width:3px;\n  background:var(--hart-rose);\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-section{\n  position:relative;\n  margin:0 0 25px;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-marker{\n  font-weight:600;\n  font-size:1rem;\n  margin:0 0 10px;\n  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--hart-rose),#ff6b9d);\n  -webkit-background-clip:text;\n  background-clip:text;\n  -webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;\n  position:relative;\n  padding-left:16px;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-marker::before{\n  content:\"\";\n  position:absolute;\n  left:-33px; \/* dot centered on the line *\/\n  top:50%;\n  transform:translateY(-50%);\n  width:14px; height:14px;\n  background:var(--hart-rose);\n  border-radius:50%;\n  border:3px solid #fff;\n  box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--hart-rose);\n  z-index:1;\n}\n\n.hart-hw .hw-text{\n  margin:0 0 0 16px;\n  font-size:1.05rem;\n  line-height:1.75;\n  color:var(--hart-text);\n  text-align:justify;\n}\n\n\/* Responsive *\/\n@media (max-width:768px){\n  .hart-hw{padding:30px 25px; margin:30px 0;}\n  .hart-hw .hw-text{font-size:1rem; text-align:left; margin-left:14px;}\n  .hart-hw .hw-marker{padding-left:14px;}\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<!-- HART \u2014 RESOURCES BLOCK \u00b7 HERITAGE (EN) -->\n<div style=\"\n  background:#f8f2ec;\n  border:1px solid #e3d5c3;\n  border-radius:9px;\n  padding:40px 34px;\n  margin:80px 0;\n\">\n\n  <div style=\"\n    font-size:11px;\n    letter-spacing:.18em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;\n    color:#211c1a;\n    opacity:.6;\n    margin-bottom:10px;\n  \">\n    RESOURCES\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"\n    font-size:22px;\n    font-weight:600;\n    color:#211c1a;\n    margin-bottom:34px;\n    line-height:1.35;\n  \">\n    Heritage: Design Legacies\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- 1 : Big History of Design -->\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/the-big-design-history\/\"\n     style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;color:#211c1a;margin-bottom:24px;\">\n    <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#f3206f;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px;\">\n      Design History\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:3px;\">\n      The Big History of Design\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;line-height:1.5;\">\n      From early decorative cultures to postmodern movements: a continuous narrative of design evolution.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n\n  <div style=\"height:1px;background:#eadfce;margin:24px 0;\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- 2 : History of Decorative Styles -->\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/history-of-classic-french-and-european-decorative-styles\/\"\n     style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;color:#211c1a;margin-bottom:24px;\">\n    <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#f3206f;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px;\">\n      Decorative Styles\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:3px;\">\n      History of Classic Decorative Styles\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;line-height:1.5;\">\n      Empire, Regency, Art Deco and beyond: codes, forms and historical uses.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n\n  <div style=\"height:1px;background:#eadfce;margin:24px 0;\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- 3 : Design Glossary -->\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/the-hart-design-glossary-from-a-to-z\/\"\n     style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;color:#211c1a;margin-bottom:24px;\">\n    <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#f3206f;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px;\">\n      Glossary\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:3px;\">\n      The HART Design Glossary (A\u2013Z)\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;line-height:1.5;\">\n      Key terms, techniques and vocabulary to read design with clarity.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n\n  <div style=\"height:1px;background:#eadfce;margin:24px 0;\"><\/div>\n\n  <!-- 4 : Designers Dictionary -->\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/hart-glossary-of-design-icons\/\"\n     style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;color:#211c1a;\">\n    <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#f3206f;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px;\">\n      Designers\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:3px;\">\n      HART Dictionary of Design Icons\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;opacity:.75;line-height:1.5;\">\n      An editorial panorama of the designers who shaped modern and contemporary design.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- END HART \u2014 RESOURCES BLOCK \u00b7 HERITAGE (EN) -->\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Century of Creative Revolutions From the Constructivist revolution to design thinking algorithms, the history of international design reveals humanity&#8217;s extraordinary capacity to perpetually reinvent our daily environment. Each movement is born from a vision of the world, a social utopia, a technical innovation that transforms our relationship with objects and spaces. In every curve&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51272,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53386","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/living-center-joe-colombo-design-1024x788.jpg",1000,770,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"C\u00e9line Vanier","author_link":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/author\/admin2836\/"},"comment_info":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53386"}],"version-history":[{"count":72,"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63003,"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53386\/revisions\/63003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hartdesignselection.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}